SIMPLE IRA

By Glenn J. Downing, MBA, CFP®

The SIMPLE IRA is the Savings Incentive Match Plan for Employees. The SIMPLE allows for both employer contributions and employee deferrals. The plan is deal for employers who want to contribute something – but not a lot – to employee retirement accounts.

The is the second in a two-part series about retirement plans for the small business.  The first was about the SEP IRA.  

Who Is Covered Under the SIMPLE?

The SIMPLE is for an employer with fewer than 100 employees who earned less than $5000 in the previous year. The employer cannot have any other retirement plan – only the SIMPLE. Any employee who earned $5000 in any of the previous two years and expects to do so in the current year is eligible to participate. The plan must be established before October 1st for the current year. After Oct. 1st it will become effective for the following year.

Employer Contributions

A big part of retirement plan design has to do with discrimination. The IRS wants to be sure that the plan does not discriminate, meaning that the plan’s benefits are available across the board to all employees – both management and rank-and-file. Two safe harbors exist for the employer to make non-discriminatory contributions: the 2% rule and the 3% rule. An employer can choose which to use.  

The 2% rule

The employer contributes 2% of payroll to all eligible employees. This is subject to a $285,000 salary cap (2020), so the maximum 2% contribution will be $5700.

The 3% rule

The employer makes a 3% of payroll matching contribution only to those who choose to defer into the plan, up to the $285,000 (2020) salary cap. If Employee A deferred 3% of his earnings, the employer with match with an equal amount, capped out at $8550. 

Employee Deferrals

The maximum employee deferral allowed is $13,500 (2020). Those over age 50 can defer an additional $3000.

All contributions vest immediately. There is one unique feature to the SIMPLE, though: any transfers, distributions, or rollovers made during the first two years incur a 25% tax penalty – not the usual 10% penalty before age 59 ½. The clock starts running when the first deposit hits the account.

If you participate in a SIMPLE IRA, you may still be eligible to do your own Traditional or Roth IRA. Deductibility of the Traditional IRA depends upon income limits and coverage under other qualified plans. Roth participation depends upon income limits.

An Good Place to Begin

The SIMPLE, then, as I see it, is a good way for an employer to give something to his employees, and to give them an opportunity to defer. From the employee’s point of view this is “free” money – a benefit that the employer chooses to give over and above salary. Each participant has his or her own IRA and makes his or her own investment choices. Upon separation from service the SIMPLE balance – after two years – can be rolled into a personal IRA or a qualified plan with a new employer.

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